We expect the genetic difference between two (or an arbitrary number of) groups that diverged from some common ancestral population to be zero under neutrality. This is a well-known result that I feel like isn’t discussed enough, especially in discussions around mean differences in traits such as IQ and educational attainment.
Motivation The effects of population structure in GWAS (genome-wide association studies) have been well-studied. It’s one of those problems that on a surface level is quite easy to grasp intuitively.
Motivation Ever wondered why the effect size of a tag variant is \(r\beta_{causal}\)? Here, \(r\) is the correlation (measure of LD) between the tag and causal variant, and \(\beta_{causal}\) is the effect size of the causal variant.